Evaluation of the toxicity of Colocasia esculenta (Aracaceae): Preliminary study of leaves infected by Phytophthora colocasiae on wistar albinos rats.
Identifieur interne : 000784 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000783; suivant : 000785Evaluation of the toxicity of Colocasia esculenta (Aracaceae): Preliminary study of leaves infected by Phytophthora colocasiae on wistar albinos rats.
Auteurs : Doriane Camille Nyonseu Nzebang [Cameroun] ; Marie Ide Ngaha Njila [Cameroun] ; Emma Fortune Bend [Cameroun] ; Pierre Claver Oundoum Oundoum [Cameroun] ; Brice Landry Koloko [Cameroun] ; Calvin Bogning Zangueu [Cameroun] ; Philippe Belle Ekedi [Cameroun] ; Modeste Sameza [Cameroun] ; Dieudonné Massoma Lembè [Cameroun]Source :
- Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie [ 1950-6007 ] ; 2018.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux (MeSH), Colocasia (composition chimique), Extraits de plantes (toxicité), Femelle (MeSH), Feuilles de plante (composition chimique), Feuilles de plante (microbiologie), Foie (anatomopathologie), Foie (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Mâle (MeSH), Phytophthora (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Phytophthora (physiologie), Poumon (anatomopathologie), Poumon (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Rat Wistar (MeSH), Tests de toxicité aigüe (MeSH).
- MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Foie, Poumon.
- composition chimique : Colocasia, Feuilles de plante.
- effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques : Foie, Phytophthora, Poumon.
- microbiologie : Feuilles de plante.
- physiologie : Phytophthora.
- toxicité : Extraits de plantes.
- Animaux, Femelle, Mâle, Rat Wistar, Tests de toxicité aigüe.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals (MeSH), Colocasia (chemistry), Female (MeSH), Liver (drug effects), Liver (pathology), Lung (drug effects), Lung (pathology), Male (MeSH), Phytophthora (drug effects), Phytophthora (physiology), Plant Extracts (toxicity), Plant Leaves (chemistry), Plant Leaves (microbiology), Rats, Wistar (MeSH), Toxicity Tests, Acute (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , toxicity : Plant Extracts.
- chemistry : Colocasia, Plant Leaves.
- drug effects : Liver, Lung, Phytophthora.
- microbiology : Plant Leaves.
- pathology : Liver, Lung.
- physiology : Phytophthora.
- Animals, Female, Male, Rats, Wistar, Toxicity Tests, Acute.
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the acute and subacute toxicity of the aqueous extract from colocasia esculenta (CE) leaves infected by Phytophthora colocsiae (PC) in rats. Toxicity of the aqueous extract was evaluated in both male and female wistar rats after a single administration (Acute model) and during 21 days (subacute model). Acute administration of the extract up to a dose 4000 mg/kg did not induce treatment related signs of toxicity or mortality of any rat tested. Therefore, LD50 was estimated to be more than 4000 mg/kg. In the subacute treatment, 3 days before the end of treatment, the male rats treated with the infected Colocasia esculenta leaves extract at doses of 800 mg/kg presented some signs of toxicity such as spiky hair, breathing, paralysis and death. Hematological analysis revealed a significant decrease (p < .05) of platelets for all doses in female rats. Biochemical investigations revealed a significant (p < .01) increase in the serum AST and HDL cholesterol at dose of 800 mg/kg in male rats. A significant decrease (p < .05) in the level of tissue creatinine at a dose of 800 mg/kg in treated female rats has also been observed. Histopathological examination revealed adverse effects on the lungs in male rats at dose of 800 mg/kg. The present findings suggest that CE infected by PC would be no major health risks at the doses tested but could affect their health at higher doses and repeated administration.
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.061
PubMed: 29665641
Affiliations:
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study of leaves infected by Phytophthora colocasiae on wistar albinos rats.</title><author><name sortKey="Nyonseu Nzebang, Doriane Camille" sort="Nyonseu Nzebang, Doriane Camille" uniqKey="Nyonseu Nzebang D" first="Doriane Camille" last="Nyonseu Nzebang">Doriane Camille Nyonseu Nzebang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngaha Njila, Marie Ide" sort="Ngaha Njila, Marie Ide" uniqKey="Ngaha Njila M" first="Marie Ide" last="Ngaha Njila">Marie Ide Ngaha Njila</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bend, Emma Fortune" sort="Bend, Emma Fortune" uniqKey="Bend E" first="Emma Fortune" last="Bend">Emma Fortune Bend</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oundoum Oundoum, Pierre Claver" sort="Oundoum Oundoum, Pierre Claver" uniqKey="Oundoum Oundoum P" first="Pierre Claver" last="Oundoum Oundoum">Pierre Claver Oundoum Oundoum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koloko, Brice Landry" sort="Koloko, Brice Landry" uniqKey="Koloko B" first="Brice Landry" last="Koloko">Brice Landry Koloko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bogning Zangueu, Calvin" sort="Bogning Zangueu, Calvin" uniqKey="Bogning Zangueu C" first="Calvin" last="Bogning Zangueu">Calvin Bogning Zangueu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belle Ekedi, Philippe" sort="Belle Ekedi, Philippe" uniqKey="Belle Ekedi P" first="Philippe" last="Belle Ekedi">Philippe Belle Ekedi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sameza, Modeste" sort="Sameza, Modeste" uniqKey="Sameza M" first="Modeste" last="Sameza">Modeste Sameza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Department of Biochemistry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Massoma Lembe, Dieudonne" sort="Massoma Lembe, Dieudonne" uniqKey="Massoma Lembe D" first="Dieudonné" last="Massoma Lembè">Dieudonné Massoma Lembè</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon. Electronic address: pmasso@yahoo.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Department of Animal Sciences</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie</title><idno type="eISSN">1950-6007</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals (MeSH)</term><term>Colocasia (chemistry)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Liver (drug effects)</term><term>Liver (pathology)</term><term>Lung (drug effects)</term><term>Lung (pathology)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Phytophthora (drug effects)</term><term>Phytophthora (physiology)</term><term>Plant Extracts (toxicity)</term><term>Plant Leaves (chemistry)</term><term>Plant Leaves (microbiology)</term><term>Rats, Wistar (MeSH)</term><term>Toxicity Tests, Acute (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux (MeSH)</term><term>Colocasia (composition chimique)</term><term>Extraits de plantes (toxicité)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Feuilles de plante (composition chimique)</term><term>Feuilles de plante (microbiologie)</term><term>Foie (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Foie (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Phytophthora (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Phytophthora (physiologie)</term><term>Poumon (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Poumon (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Rat Wistar (MeSH)</term><term>Tests de toxicité aigüe (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="toxicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Extracts</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Foie</term><term>Poumon</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Colocasia</term><term>Plant Leaves</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="composition chimique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Colocasia</term><term>Feuilles de plante</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Liver</term><term>Lung</term><term>Phytophthora</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Foie</term><term>Phytophthora</term><term>Poumon</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Feuilles de plante</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Leaves</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Liver</term><term>Lung</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Phytophthora</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Phytophthora</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="toxicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Extraits de plantes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Female</term><term>Male</term><term>Rats, Wistar</term><term>Toxicity Tests, Acute</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Rat Wistar</term><term>Tests de toxicité aigüe</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This study was designed to investigate the acute and subacute toxicity of the aqueous extract from colocasia esculenta (CE) leaves infected by Phytophthora colocsiae (PC) in rats. Toxicity of the aqueous extract was evaluated in both male and female wistar rats after a single administration (Acute model) and during 21 days (subacute model). Acute administration of the extract up to a dose 4000 mg/kg did not induce treatment related signs of toxicity or mortality of any rat tested. Therefore, LD<sub>50</sub> was estimated to be more than 4000 mg/kg. In the subacute treatment, 3 days before the end of treatment, the male rats treated with the infected Colocasia esculenta leaves extract at doses of 800 mg/kg presented some signs of toxicity such as spiky hair, breathing, paralysis and death. Hematological analysis revealed a significant decrease (p < .05) of platelets for all doses in female rats. Biochemical investigations revealed a significant (p < .01) increase in the serum AST and HDL cholesterol at dose of 800 mg/kg in male rats. A significant decrease (p < .05) in the level of tissue creatinine at a dose of 800 mg/kg in treated female rats has also been observed. Histopathological examination revealed adverse effects on the lungs in male rats at dose of 800 mg/kg. The present findings suggest that CE infected by PC would be no major health risks at the doses tested but could affect their health at higher doses and repeated administration.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">29665641</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2018</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>17</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>17</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1950-6007</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>99</Volume><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>Mar</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Biomed Pharmacother</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Evaluation of the toxicity of Colocasia esculenta (Aracaceae): Preliminary study of leaves infected by Phytophthora colocasiae on wistar albinos rats.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1009-1013</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0753-3322(17)34974-0</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.061</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>This study was designed to investigate the acute and subacute toxicity of the aqueous extract from colocasia esculenta (CE) leaves infected by Phytophthora colocsiae (PC) in rats. Toxicity of the aqueous extract was evaluated in both male and female wistar rats after a single administration (Acute model) and during 21 days (subacute model). Acute administration of the extract up to a dose 4000 mg/kg did not induce treatment related signs of toxicity or mortality of any rat tested. Therefore, LD<sub>50</sub> was estimated to be more than 4000 mg/kg. In the subacute treatment, 3 days before the end of treatment, the male rats treated with the infected Colocasia esculenta leaves extract at doses of 800 mg/kg presented some signs of toxicity such as spiky hair, breathing, paralysis and death. Hematological analysis revealed a significant decrease (p < .05) of platelets for all doses in female rats. Biochemical investigations revealed a significant (p < .01) increase in the serum AST and HDL cholesterol at dose of 800 mg/kg in male rats. A significant decrease (p < .05) in the level of tissue creatinine at a dose of 800 mg/kg in treated female rats has also been observed. Histopathological examination revealed adverse effects on the lungs in male rats at dose of 800 mg/kg. The present findings suggest that CE infected by PC would be no major health risks at the doses tested but could affect their health at higher doses and repeated administration.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nyonseu Nzebang</LastName><ForeName>Doriane Camille</ForeName><Initials>DC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ngaha Njila</LastName><ForeName>Marie Ide</ForeName><Initials>MI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bend</LastName><ForeName>Emma Fortune</ForeName><Initials>EF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oundoum Oundoum</LastName><ForeName>Pierre Claver</ForeName><Initials>PC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koloko</LastName><ForeName>Brice Landry</ForeName><Initials>BL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bogning Zangueu</LastName><ForeName>Calvin</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Belle Ekedi</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sameza</LastName><ForeName>Modeste</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Massoma Lembè</LastName><ForeName>Dieudonné</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Cameroon. Electronic address: pmasso@yahoo.fr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>France</Country><MedlineTA>Biomed Pharmacother</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8213295</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0753-3322</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010936">Plant Extracts</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D031060" MajorTopicYN="N">Colocasia</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="Y">chemistry</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008099" MajorTopicYN="N">Liver</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008168" MajorTopicYN="N">Lung</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010838" MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010936" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Extracts</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000633" MajorTopicYN="Y">toxicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018515" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Leaves</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="Y">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="Y">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017208" MajorTopicYN="N">Rats, Wistar</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D023382" MajorTopicYN="Y">Toxicity Tests, Acute</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Acute toxicity</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Colocasia esculenta (leaves)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora colocasiae</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Subacute toxicity</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2017</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2017</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>06</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2018</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2018</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2018</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29665641</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0753-3322(17)34974-0</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.061</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Cameroun</li></country></list><tree><country name="Cameroun"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nyonseu Nzebang, Doriane Camille" sort="Nyonseu Nzebang, Doriane Camille" uniqKey="Nyonseu Nzebang D" first="Doriane Camille" last="Nyonseu Nzebang">Doriane Camille Nyonseu Nzebang</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Belle Ekedi, Philippe" sort="Belle Ekedi, Philippe" uniqKey="Belle Ekedi P" first="Philippe" last="Belle Ekedi">Philippe Belle Ekedi</name><name sortKey="Bend, Emma Fortune" sort="Bend, Emma Fortune" uniqKey="Bend E" first="Emma Fortune" last="Bend">Emma Fortune Bend</name><name sortKey="Bogning Zangueu, Calvin" sort="Bogning Zangueu, Calvin" uniqKey="Bogning Zangueu C" first="Calvin" last="Bogning Zangueu">Calvin Bogning Zangueu</name><name sortKey="Koloko, Brice Landry" sort="Koloko, Brice Landry" uniqKey="Koloko B" first="Brice Landry" last="Koloko">Brice Landry Koloko</name><name sortKey="Massoma Lembe, Dieudonne" sort="Massoma Lembe, Dieudonne" uniqKey="Massoma Lembe D" first="Dieudonné" last="Massoma Lembè">Dieudonné Massoma Lembè</name><name sortKey="Ngaha Njila, Marie Ide" sort="Ngaha Njila, Marie Ide" uniqKey="Ngaha Njila M" first="Marie Ide" last="Ngaha Njila">Marie Ide Ngaha Njila</name><name sortKey="Oundoum Oundoum, Pierre Claver" sort="Oundoum Oundoum, Pierre Claver" uniqKey="Oundoum Oundoum P" first="Pierre Claver" last="Oundoum Oundoum">Pierre Claver Oundoum Oundoum</name><name sortKey="Sameza, Modeste" sort="Sameza, Modeste" uniqKey="Sameza M" first="Modeste" last="Sameza">Modeste Sameza</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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